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Source text - English The term "non-caking," used herein means that when constituted in aqueous media, for example, the formed suspension has a smooth consistency and doesn't contain any caking or clumping particles, by visual inspection. Also, the powder for oral suspension in accordance with the present invention does not cake or clump during manufacture, i.e., when mixed with excipients. Nor does it cake or clump upon storage, even under relatively humid conditions, e.g., a relative humidity of about 75% or greater and when stored for relatively long periods such as about 6 months or longer and even at elevated temperatures of about 40°C or greater, or at any combination of such humidity, time and temperature parameters. Thus, the powders for oral suspension in accordance with the present invention will remain free flowing and non-caking during typical storage and use conditions.
Translation - Chinese 术语“非结块(的)”在本文中用来指例如当在含水介质中复水时，所形成的悬液经目视检查可见具有匀和的稠度，不含任何结块颗粒或凝集颗粒。而且，根据本发明的口服悬液用粉剂在制造过程中，即当与赋形剂混合时，不会结块或凝集。它甚至在相对较潮湿的条件(例如相对湿度为约75%或更高)下贮藏，和当贮藏相对较长时间(如约6个月或更长时间)，甚至在约40°C或更高的高温下贮藏，或者在这种湿度、时间和温度参数的任何组合下贮藏，也不会结块或凝集。因此，根据本发明的口服悬液用粉剂在典型的贮藏和使用条件下将仍会保持自由流动和不结块。
English to Chinese: Summary of Invention
Source text - English We have found that a class of proteins found in fungi, termed hydrophobins, combine high foamability and good foam stabilisation properties. In particular, hydrophobins have been found to provide both excellent foam volume stability and inhibition of coarsening. Further, the levels of hydrophobin required to achieve excellent product stability are relatively low. It will therefore be possible to replace some or all of the conventional ingredients used to form and stabilise aerated food products with smaller amounts of hydrophobin.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an aerated food product comprising a hydrophobic. In a related aspect, the present invention provides an aerated food product in which the air phase is at least partially stabilised with hydrophobin. In another related aspect, the present invention provides an aerated food product comprising hydrophobin in which the hydrophobin is associated with the air phase.
Translation - Chinese 我们发现，在真菌中发现的一类称为疏水蛋白的蛋白质兼有高发泡性和良好泡沫稳定性。具体的说，已发现疏水蛋白能同时提供优越的泡沫体积稳定性和对泡沫粗化的抑制作用。此外，为实现优越的产品稳定性所需的疏水蛋白水平相对较低。因此用数量较少的疏水蛋白就有可能代替一些或所有用以形成和稳定充气食品的常规成分。
因此，本发明提供包含疏水蛋白的充气食品。在一个相关的方面，本发明提供充气食品，其中的气相至少部分上用疏水蛋白进行稳定。在另一个相关方面，本发明提供包含疏水蛋白的充气食品，其中的疏水蛋白与气相发生联系。
English to Chinese: Claims
Source text - English 1. A method of treating or preventing nephritis induced by an immunosuppressive agent in a mammal who is in need of immunosuppression and is treated with the immunosuppressive agent, the method comprising administering a TGF- antagonist to the mammal in a therapeutically effective amount sufficient to alleviate the nephrotoxic effects of the immunosuppressive agent without substantially interfering with immunosuppressive activity of the agent.
24. A method of evaluating a compound of composition for the ability to reduce nephrotoxicity of an immunosuppressive agent, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a biological sample from a mammal who has been administed the immunusuppressive agent and the test compound or composition; and
(b) determing the level(s) of expression of one or more molecules selected from the group consisting of TGF-β, NOX-1, p22phox, RAC-1, SOD, and TRX,
wherein the level(s) of expression indicate(s) whether or not the test compound or composition is effective in reducing nephrotoxicity of the immunosuppressive agent.
Translation - Chinese 1. 一种治疗或预防需要免疫抑制并用免疫抑制剂进行治疗的哺乳动物中由该免疫抑制剂引起的肾炎的方法，所述方法包括给予该哺乳动物治疗有效量的TGF-拮抗剂，该治疗有效量足以减轻该免疫抑制剂的肾毒性作用而又不极大地干扰其免疫抑制活性。
Source text - Chinese 本发明涉及一种用海洋微藻中的寇氏隐甲藻 [Crypthecodinium cohnii(Seligo)Javornicky]发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸油脂的方法。它是以寇氏隐甲藻[Crypthecodinium cohnii(Seligo)Javornicky] 为出发菌株，在液体培养基中连续培养寇氏隐甲藻得到海藻细胞，然后从海藻细胞中提取二十二碳六烯酸油脂。本发明选用合适的海洋微藻作为菌种，在培养基中加入了维生素，通过筛选合适的工艺方法，大大提高了二十二碳六烯酸油脂的产量，海藻细胞中二十二碳六烯酸含量在30％-50％，获得的海藻细胞为20-40g/L，海藻细胞含油量为20-50％。以上各项指标明显高于现有技术。
Translation - English The present invention relates to a method for producing docosahexaenoic acid oil through marine microalgae (Crypthecodinium cohnii(Seligo)Javornicky) fermentation, comprising continuously culturing Crypthecodinium cohnii(Seligo)Javornicky used as starting strain in liquid media to obtain algae cells, and extracting docosahexaenoic acid oil from the algae cells. By selection of suitable marine microalgae as starting strain, addition of vitamins in the media and choice of appropriate processes, a substantially increased yield of docosahexaenoic acid oil is achieved. The algae cells obtained are 20-40g/L, with an oil content of 20-50％ and a docosahexaenoic acid oil content of 30％-50％,said figures all being markedly higher than the prior art.
Chinese to English: A granular compound fertilizer and method of prepration thereof
Source text - Chinese 中国专利
申 请 号： 00112302.5
名 称： 一种颗粒复合肥及其生产方法
可在http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo2008/zljs/中查到
Translation - English A granular compound fertilizer and method of prepration thereof
The present invention relates to a granular compound fertilizer for fertilizing crops and method of preparation thereof.
Retrieval of relevant patent documents revealed no similar granular compound fertilizers and method of preparation thereof to the present invention. With the development of chemical fertilizer industry and intensive agricultural production, and the promotion of fertilizing techniques involved with the three elements of N, P and K, the yield of crops has reached a higher level. However, lack of replenishment of medium-element and micro-element contents exhausted by crops and rapid drop in organic manure fertilization have caused the decrease in total fertility of soil and severe imbalance in nutrients. The existing silicon-potassium fertilizer and silicon-calcium fertilizer address the problem of lack of Si, K and Ca in soil and are well accepted by farmers. However, domestically produced silicon-potassium fertilizer and silicon-calcium fertilizer and other silicon compound fertilizers are generally powders which when dusted will be floating in the air and which when falling on the leaves will adhere to the surface and block the respiratory system of the leaves influencing the growth of crops, not to mention the inhomogeneity of dusting. Therefore many manufactures choose to granulate the powdery silicon fertilizers or silicon compound fertilizers generally by adding binders to the powdery silicon compound fertilizers and pelletizing the mixture into round granules 2-4 mm in diameter for fertilization. The binders used are kaolin, coal mud and malm etc. which increase the inutile components and thereby decrease the effective components of the fertilizers, leading to the relative increase in energy consumption of production and cost of transportation. To overcome the above shortcomings, many manufactures use sodium silicate as the binder to pelletize. However, the thus produced granular silicon compound fertilizers are difficult to disintegrate after application to soil. This makes the effective components not being able to be fully released and absorbed by crops, greatly reducing the fertilizer effectiveness.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a granular compound fertilizer with silicon compound fertilizers needed by crops as the carrier fertilizer in combination with chelated micro-elements, and to provide a method of production thereof. The present granular compound fertilizer has the advantages of significant effectiveness, easy pelletization and fast disintegration.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, on the basis of full utilization of fertilizer effectiveness, a granular compound fertilizer is prepared using a carrier fertilizer, a micro-elements chelated fertilizer and a binder. The carrier fertilizer is one of silicon-potassium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer; the micro-elements chelated fertilizer and its mixing ratio can be determined depending on crops and soil components; and the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, super absorbent resin, carboxymethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like.
When the binder is polyacrylamide polymer, it is added and mixed at 0.002-0.1% based on total weight.
When the binder is super absorbent resin, it is added and mixed at 0.005-0.2% based on total weight.
When the binder is carboxymethyl starch, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight.
When the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight.
The above-said granular compound fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding the micro-elements chelated fertilizer to the carrier fertilizer and blending well; adding the binder and blending well; pelletizing the resulting material into granules; roasting the granules dry; sieving and grading the dry granules prior to packaging the final product.
The micro-elements chelated fertilizer of the present invention can be added depending on crops and soil components to prepare fertilizers for special use. The content of the binder can be adjusted based on specific storage period and disintegration speed of the granules.
The present invention has the following advantages: 1) The binder selected has the properties of fast binding and rapid disintegration upon contact with water, which not only facilitate pelletization of the fertilizer during preparation but also facilitate absorption of the fertilizer by crops; 2) Adjustment of the variety and content of the binder allows for effective control over the disintegration speed and hence the dissolution speed of the fertilizer, which enables the gradual release of fertility of the fertilizer in response to the needs of different crops, resulting in better absorption by crops and enhanced utilization of the fertilizer; 3) the combination of the silicon compound fertilizer (as the carrier fertilizer) and the chelated micro-elements fertilizer, binded by the binder, replenishes micro-elements to promote the growth of crops, achieving the goal of cost reduction, yield enhancement and effectiveness improvement. Therefore the prevent invention has practical value and is worth popularizing.
The present invention is further described by the following example.
1000 kg carrier fertilizer is placed in a blender and micro-elements chelated fertilizer at a total weight of 11.5 kg is added. The carrier fertilizer is one of silicon-potassium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, and in this example silicon-potassium fertilizer is used. The micro-elements chelated fertilizer comprises 5 kg of amino acid chelated zinc, 2 kg of amino acid chelated rare earth, 0.5 kg of amino acid chelated copper and 4 kg of amino acid chelated manganese. The carrier fertilizer and the micro-elements chelated fertilizer are blended well and then the binder is added and blended. The binder is one of polyacrylamide, super absorbent resin, carboxymethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. When the binder is polyacrylamide polymer, it is added and mixed at 0.002-0.1% based on total weight. When the binder is super absorbent resin, it is added and mixed at 0.005-0.2% based on total weight. When the binder is carboxymethyl starch, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight. When the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight. In this example, polyacrylamide is used as the binder and added at 0.05% based on total weight. The blended carrier fertilizer and the micro-elements chelated fertilizer are conveyed to the pelletizer and polyacrylamide is sprayed at a concentration of 0.05% from the top of the pelletizer. The material is pelletized into granules 2-4 mm in diameter which are roasted dry, sieved and graded and then packaged to obtain the product of the present invention. This product can be used as the base fertilizer for such crops as rice, wheat and corn and the like.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A granular compound fertilizer, characterized in that said fertilizer is composed of a carrier fertilizer, a micro-elements chelated fertilizer and a binder, said carrier fertilizer is one of silicon-potassium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer; said micro-elements chelated fertilizer and its mixing ratio can be determined depending on crops and soil components; and said binder is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, super absorbent resin, carboxymethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like.
2. The granular compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that when the binder is polyacrylamide polymer, it is added and mixed at 0.002-0.1% based on total weight.
3. The granular compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that when the binder is super absorbent resin, it is added and mixed at 0.005-0.2% based on total weight.
4. The granular compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that when the binder is carboxymethyl starch, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight.
5. The granular compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that when the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, it is added and mixed at 0.01-0.2% based on total weight.
6. A method for the preparation of the granular compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that said method comprises the following steps: adding the micro-elements chelated fertilizer to the carrier fertilizer and blending well; adding the binder and blending well; pelletizing the resulting material into granules; roasting the granules dry; sieving and grading the dry granules prior to packaging the final product.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a granular compound fertilizer for fertilizing crops and method of preparation thereof. Said fertilizer is composed of a carrier fertilizer, a micro-elements chelated fertilizer and a binder mixed in a suitable proportion. Said carrier fertilizer is one of silicon-potassium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer. The binder selected has the properties of fast binding upon pelletization and rapid disintegration upon contact with water, which increase the dissolution speed and enhance utilization of the fertilizer.
Chinese to English: 鳕鱼骨钙片制备及其生物利用
Source text - Chinese 0 引言
随着我国水产品捕捞和养殖的不断发展，水产品产量逐年增加。在水产品加工过程中会产生大量下脚料，其中鱼头、鱼骨约占45%左右[1]。目前我国对下脚料的利用主要集中在生产鱼露、水解蛋白等方面，生产成本高、工艺复杂[2，3]。鱼骨中含有大量钙质，如何利用废弃鱼骨成为研究热点之一。
资料显示，我国居民钙的摄入量明显不足。城市居民平均每日钙摄入量仅为中国营养学会推荐供给量的45.7%，农村为37.7%。目前一般认为钙补充剂尽管不能增加骨骼沉积，但可以增加骨峰值[4]。因此，补钙仍然是预防和治疗钙缺乏的重要方法之一。目前市场上的钙制剂主要包括碳酸钙钙制剂、葡萄糖酸钙钙制剂、活性钙钙制剂以及超微粉化碳酸钙制剂和氨基酸钙制剂。其中碳酸钙和葡萄糖酸钙人体吸收率低；超微粉化碳酸钙和氨基酸钙制剂虽然人体吸收率高，但生产成本高，价格昂贵；而活性钙则兼具上述两组钙制剂的优点[13]。
鱼骨钙属于磷酸钙，接近于人体骨骼，具有吸收率高、人体副反应小的优点，是一种优良的天然钙源。到目前为止，国内对于鱼骨研究多集中于淡水鱼类，许顺干和王建中等分别以青鱼和白鲢鱼骨为原料制取鱼骨粉，探讨了鱼骨粉补钙效果[5,6]；吴燕燕等以罗非鱼骨制取CMC活性钙[7]。对于产量更大的海产鱼骨研究结果寥寥无几，仅有邓尚贵等研究了青鳞鱼骨粉的营养价值[8]，薛长湖等研究了鳕鱼排中钙的酸法提取，但未进行鳕鱼骨钙的补钙效果研究[9]。
鳕鱼是我国远洋渔业重要捕捞对象之一，每年捕捞数十万吨。加工过程中产生的大量鱼骨多用于鱼粉加工，造成资源的巨大浪费。将其加工制成钙片，将会由广阔的市场前景。因此，本文以鳕鱼骨为原料，开发了鱼骨钙片并探讨了鳕鱼骨钙片的生物利用功效，有望开发一种高效钙补充剂，促进鳕鱼骨资源的综合利用。
Translation - English 0. Introduction
With China’s increasing development of fishery and aquaculture, there is an annual increase in the output of aquatic products. The processing of aquatic products is associated with a large amount of leftovers, in which fishhead and fishbone account for about 45%[1]. Current utilization of these leftovers centers on the production of fish gravy, hydrolyzed protein etc, which involves complex production processes and high production cost[2,3]. The utilization of leftover fishbone becomes a research hotspot as fish bone contains a large amount of calcium.
Data show that Chinese residents have a significant lack of calcium intake. The average daily calcium intake of urban residents is only 45.7% of the recommendated intake set by Chinese Nutrition Society, while for rural residents, the figure is 37.7%. It is generally thought at present that, although calcium supplements can not increase bone deposition, they may contribute to the increase in peak bone mass[4]. Therefore, supplementation of calcium remains one of the important methods for the prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency. Currently marketed calcium formulations include calcium carbonate formulation, calcium gluconate formulation, active calcium formulation as well as superfine ground calcium carbonate formulation and amino acid calcium formulation. For the calcium carbonate formulation and calcium gluconate formulation, the adsorption rate in the human body is low, and for the superfine ground calcium carbonate formulation and amino acid calcium formulation, although the adsorption rate in the human body is high, their production cost is high and therefore they are expensive in price; while the active calcium formulation has the advantages of the above two groups of calcium formulations.
The fishbone calcium that is calcium phosphate is close in nature to that of the human bone and has the advantages of high adsorption rate and low adverse effect in the human body, and therefore is an excellent natural calcium source. To date, domestic researches on fishbone focus on freshwater fishes. Xu Shungan and Wang Jianzhong et al. prepared fishbone meal from black carp bone and silver carp bone respectively[5,6]; Wu Yanyan et al. prepared CMC active calcium from tilapia bone[7]. However, researches are scarce on the utilization of the more abundantly yielded bones of the seawater fishes. As limited examples, Deng Shanggui et al. studied the nutritional value of the bone meal of Harengula zunasi[8], and Xue Changhu et al. studied the acidic extraction of calcium in haddock steak, but did not conducted study on the effect of calcim supplementation of haddock bone calcium[9].
Haddock is one of the imporant fishing objects of China's pelagic fishery with an output of hundreds of thousand of tons. The processing of haddock turns out a great amount of fishbone that is mostly used for producing fish meal, which represents a primitive utilization of the resources. Processing of the fishbone into calcium tablets will have a vast market prospect. Accordingly, fishbone calcium tablets were developed in the present study using haddock bone as the raw materials and their biological efficacy was investigated, with an aim to develop a highly effective calcium supplement so as to promote the comprehensive utilization of haddock bone resource.
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Years of experience: 23. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2008.
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