out-of-furnace processing

https://www.google.pl/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNR8WBdjMP-Sex3D2464g...

In metallurgy, a ladle is a vessel used to transport and pour out molten metals. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladle_(metallurgy)#

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Ladle metallurgy
The carrying out of metallurgical reactions in the ladle is a common practice in practically all steelmaking shops, because it is cost-efficient to operate the primary furnace as a high-speed melter and to adjust the final chemical composition and temperature of the steel after tapping. Also, certain metallurgical reactions, for reasons of equipment design and operation, are more efficiently performed in the ladle. The simplest form of steel treatment in the ladle takes place when the mixing effect of the tapping stream is used to add deoxidizers, slag formers, and small amounts of alloying agents. These materials are either placed into the ladle before tapping or are injected into the tapping stream. - https://www.britannica.com/technology/steel/Ladle-metallurgy

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produkcja i świeżenie stali w procesie konwertorowo-tlenowym, w tym wstępne odsiarczanie surówki, pozapiecowa obróbka stali i przetwarzanie żużla;— the production and refining of steel using the basic oxygen process, including upstream ladle desulphurisation, downstream ladle metallurgy and slag processing


produkcja stali w elektrycznych piecach łukowych, w tym pozapiecowa obróbka stali i przetwarzanie żużla; — the production of steel by electric arc furnaces, including downstream ladle metallurgy and slag processing

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL-EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX...

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Słowa kluczowe polskie: stal ; modelowanie fizyczne ; metalurgia pozapiecowa ; przedmuchiwanie argonem
Słowa kluczowe angielskie: steel ; physical modelling ; ladle metallurgy ; blowing by argon

Tytuł oryginału: Physical modelling of the process of mixing liquid metal in a tundish blown by gas
Autorzy: Jacek Pieprzyca, Tomasz Merder, Mariola Saternus.
Źródło: -Metalurgija 2014 vol. 53 iss. 3, s. 327-330, bibliogr. 12 poz.

- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289913730_Physical_...

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W odlewnictwie stosuje się najczęściej do topienia stali piece łukowe i indukcyjne. W związku z tym, w drugim etapie obróbka pozapiecowa stali wykonywana jest w kadzi (procesy DETEM, PWLR, LF) - http://www.afe.polsl.pl/index.php/pl/976/metody-argonowania-... - page 2

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LADLE METALLURGY

The steel is first melted in a basic oxygen facility (BOF) or in an electric arc furnace (EAF), poured into a ladle and then taken to the LMS or LMF - https://www.caseyusa.com/products/class_id/mflmst-ladle-meta...