"Précarité matérielle" in French translates as "Material precariousness" in English because it refers to the uncertain or unstable material or financial situation of individuals, indicating a lack of resources or stability in their material conditions. It relates to socio-economic factors such as income, housing, and material possessions.

Example sentences:
1. The study found that patients with neuroendocrine tumors who experienced material precariousness had higher levels of stress and anxiety.
2. People living in material precariousness often struggle to afford basic necessities such as food and shelter.
3. The assessment of material precariousness is important in understanding the potential barriers individuals may face in accessing healthcare services.

Yes/No?

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Note added at 1 hr (2023-08-21 10:00:24 GMT)
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In these more politically correct times, perhaps " materially challenged?" might work well too.

I found the example sentences in the following links:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201210/People-living-in-...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34516680/

Material Insecurity, Racial Capitalism, and Public Health

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https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s...

Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among post-secondary students and non-students of similar age in Canada

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114037/

Understanding ‘energy insecurity’ and why it matters to health

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gm4LIIqbPc
This video indicates that "précarité matérielle" refers to isolation and exclusion of persons resulting specifically from their inability to access specific "materials" (e.g. hygiene products, phone, school supplies),

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Note added at 3 hrs (2023-08-21 12:11:08 GMT)
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so the term is more specific than just "hardship", I think the word "material"must be included

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Note added at 3 hrs (2023-08-21 12:12:47 GMT)
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the previous refs give examples of the use of 'insecurity' with reference to specific items (food, energy)

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Note added at 3 hrs (2023-08-21 12:18:06 GMT)
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this ref also suggests that précarité matérielle refers specifically to an absence of certain necessary items:
https://www.jean-jaures.org/publication/les-francais-face-a-...
La précarité matérielle ne peut pas être réduite à la seule idée de « manque ». Elle a des conséquences plus graves. Ne pas pouvoir se fournir en produits de première nécessité – et la formulation « de première nécessité » correspond ici à des produits considérés comme nécessaires pour des habitudes de consommation jugées normales d’un ménage « ordinaire » – risque d’entraîner ces individus vers des formes de précarité aggravées, voire de pauvreté.

another variation on a theme and implies a material or tangible dearth.

Ties up quite well with "Précarité d’accès aux soins" - namely, dearth of access to healthcare.

Otherwise, hard to incroporate the idea of material into penury or distressed circumstances: a common Anglo.Irish turn of phrase,

Not so much medical, more sociological.

The word "matérielle" boils down to financial, even though it means slightly more.

Another suggestion.

Perhaps might be helpful to look up translations for "travail précaire": people working for Uber Eats, on zero-hours contracts, all that lovely capitalist stuff.

Looks like "precarious" works just fine, so that would be my second suggestion.

Gig economy traps workers in ***precarious existence***, says ...

The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com › business › jan › gig-ec...
Jan 29, 2020 — Far from providing flexible jobs for complex modern lives, gig economy companies, such as Uber and Deliveroo, increasingly trap workers in a ...
Missing: eats ‎| Show results with: eats

How do Deliveroo and Uber workers cope with ***precarious*** ...
https://www.theguardian.com › business › oct › delive...
Oct 20, 2018 — I only work for Deliveroo. I used to do work for Uber Eats but they blocked me after a customer complained that I hadn't delivered something, ..

Please note that I haven't read all of the other answers, so I apologise if I've duplicated other answers.